RT is a 47-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) whose body mass index (BMI) is 33.5 kg/m 2 . How should he be classified?

A. Overweight
B. Obese Class 1
C. Obese Class 2
D. Obese Class 3

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According to published studies, approximately what percentage of patients with RA are considered to be either overweight or obese based on their BMI?

A. 50%
B. 60%
C. 70%
D. 80%

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Which of the following statements regarding adipokines is true?

A. They play a role in the development of conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Crohn’s disease
B. They have potent immune-modulatory properties that demonstrate pro-inflammatory effects only
C. They have potent immune-modulatory properties that demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects only
D. They cause dysregulation of T-helper 17 and T-regulatory cells

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Which of the following drugs used to treat RA has been shown to result in the greatest amount of weight loss?

A. Adalimumab
B. Methotrexate
C. Prednisone
D. Leflunomide

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What is the “obesity paradox”?

A. The theory that higher BMI is inversely associated with reduced mortality
B. The theory that higher BMI is inversely associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events
C. The theory that higher BMI is inversely associated with less severe RA
D. The theory that higher BMI is inversely associated with less likelihood of response to methotrexate

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Which of the following has to be shown to be most indicative of poorest short-term outcomes in patients with RA?

A. Unintentional, rapid weight loss
B. Intentional, rapid weight loss
C. Unintentional, rapid weight gain
D. Intentional, rapid weight gain

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Which type of diet has been shown to produce improvements in physical function, increased vitality, and reduced disease activity among patients with RA?

A. Paleo diet
B. Mediterranean diet
C. Atkins diet
D. South Beach diet

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Approximately what percentage of patients with RA meet the World Health Organization recommendation for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical exercise each week?

A. 5%
B. 15%
C. 25%
D. 35%

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Which of the following statements is true regarding overweight/obese patients with RA who undergo bariatric surgery?

A. They are likely to have significantly reduced RA disease activity and serum inflammatory markers in the year after the procedure
B. They are likely to rebound to their pre-procedure weight within 2 years of the procedure
C. They are likely to need additional medications to manage their RA in the year after the procedure
D. They are less likely to response to a TNF inhibitor in the year after the procedure than they were prior to the procedure

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Bariatric surgery is generally recommended for patients who fall into which of the following groups?

A. Patients with a BMI ≥40 kg/m 2 and coexisting diabetes or metabolic syndrome
B. Patients with a BMI ≥35 kg/m 2 and coexisting hypertension or obstructive sleep apnea)
C. Patients with a BMI of 30-34.9 kg/m 2 without coexisting medical conditions
D. Patients with a BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 and coexisting inflammatory disease

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